APPLICATION OF “ZHYVYNA” IN DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING

 The development of industrial animal husbandry is accompanied by a constant search for components that will contribute to the stimulation of digestion processes and more complete use of nutrients in the diet, including its mineral part. The use of feed additives should ultimately increase the efficiency of production by improving its quality and increasing its quantity.

The high sanitary and hygienic quality of milk and dairy products depends entirely on the organizational work of animal husbandry specialists. Only healthy animals that are kept in compliance with all norms and requirements can give high-quality milk.

Milk production and its economic efficiency are closely related to the level of energy input from feed. Thus, according to scientific studies, the productivity of cows depends on the feeding parameters by 65-70%. Insufficient supply of nutrients in the diet affects the qualitative characteristics of livestock, increases feed costs per unit of milk or live weight gain. Therefore, it is undeniable that milk production can be increased only through the rational organization of fodder production, balanced according to the needs of the industry, and the organization of feeding cows with high-quality feed, including the use of mineral additives.

BRIEF CHARACTERISTICS OF VITAMIN AND MINERAL FEED CONCENTRATE “ZHYVYNA”

The basis of the productive action of feed concentrate ZHYVYNA™ (producer of PC “Vita”, Ukraine) is based on the influence of components that comprehensively improve the biochemical composition of feed mixtures, change the protein ratio, vitamin, macro-microelement content, stimulate the enzyme activity of the digestive organs, improve the gastric microflora, eliminate phenomenon of heat stress, improve taste properties.

When using the concentrate, the average daily growth of animals and poultry is increased, the fattening period is shortened, the reproductive function is strengthened, the milk yield of the dairy herd increases simultaneously with an increase in the level of protein and fat, egg production improves, and immunity is strengthened.

The composition of “ZHYVYNA” includes:

 1) irreplaceable, replaceable amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine, glutamine, glycine, asparagine, arginine), which increase the overall biological value of feed mixtures;

2) macro- (Ca, P) trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, I);

3) vitamins (A, B, D, E, K, P);

4) capsaicin Capsicum spp (Capsaisin 4%), a substance of natural origin; stimulates the activity of the digestive organs, promotes the assimilation of nutrients, eliminates the phenomenon of heat stress;

5) cinnamaldehyde Cinammonum spp (Cinnamalgedide 1.4%), a substance of natural origin; protects the microvilli of the stomach from the effects of toxins and free radicals.

 The introduction of fodder concentrate according to the recommendations allows to ensure the maximum level of protein synthesis due to the creation of nitrogen balance. Balancing the ratio of microelements makes it possible to eliminate their deficiency, macroelements – to optimize their composition in feed mixtures, to ensure the correctness of the processes of growth, development, reproduction, blood circulation, and digestion. The content of vitamins in the fodder concentrate provides the physiological needs of animals and poultry, accelerates growth and development, increases general tone, activates the activity of physiological systems.
“Zhyvyna” is used as a fodder concentrate for balancing the rations of productive and non-productive animals, poultry in terms of amino acids, vitamins, trace elements; stimulates enzyme activity, normalizes intestinal microflora, eliminates the phenomenon of heat stress, increases the body’s resistance, improves productivity.
The rate of introduction for other species of animals/birds is calculated depending on the body weight from the calculation:
animals — 1-1.5 g/1 kg of live weight,
poultry – 1-1.5 g/0.5 kg of live weight.
The daily rate of fodder concentrate is mixed with the main feed in dry or wet form, fed to animals/birds in several doses, as is customary in the farm, without heat treatment.
Depending on the composition of the main feeding ration (monograin type, depleted, coarse forage), a two-fold increase in the feed concentrate intake rate is recommended.
There are no contraindications
Caution: the fodder concentrate should not be subjected to heat treatment > 60º C.
During and after the use of feed concentrate, meat, livestock and poultry products are used without restrictions.
Form of release of “Zhyviny”: granules or grits. Laminated bags of 1.0, 1.5 kg in cardboard boxes, polypropylene bags of 25 kg.

METHODOLOGY, MATERIALS AND METHODS OF CONDUCTED RESEARCH

The research and production experiment in the summer and pasture period of 2016 was carried out on the basis of the “Hliborob” sewage treatment plant in the village of Zozulintsi, Kozyatinsky district, Vinnytsia region.

For the experiment, two groups of 25 black-and-white dairy cows, aged 3-5 years, with a live weight of 500-560 kg, were selected.

The diet of the cows of both groups in the summer period was the same (Table 1): silage (17 kg), alfalfa hay (13 kg), alfalfa hay (1 kg), green mass (10 kg), chaff (4 kg), wheat corn (5 kg), sunflower meal (3 kg), soybean meal (1 kg), table salt (0.1).

МЕТОДИКА, МАТЕРІАЛИ ТА МЕТОДИ ПРОВЕДЕНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ

Table 1. The content of nutrients and biologically active substances in the diet of dairy cows

That is, juicy fodder accounted for 57.4%, coarse – 26%, concentrated – 16.6%. In addition, during 100 days of lactation, the animals of the experimental group were fed feed concentrate “Zhyvyn” in the amount of 200 g per head.

Analyzing the composition and nutrition of the given standard ration of dairy cows at the “Hliborob” dairy farm, we can certify its compliance with the basic requirements and feeding norms, which are accepted as a basis in Ukraine for livestock of the specified weight and productivity. Thus, the indicators of dry matter, digestible protein, exchangeable energy, crude fiber and starch even slightly exceeded the norm (Table 2). However, a significant deficiency of trace elements: zinc, copper, iodine and cobalt was recorded. The diet also contains the toxic metal lead – 105.7 mg. Thus, the use of a mineral feed additive to correct the composition of the diet of dairy cows in this farm is justified and appropriate.

Laboratory studies of biological substrates were conducted on the basis of scientific laboratories of the Zhytomyr National Agroecological University.

Research methods: the density of milk was determined using a hydrometer; the content of fat, protein, SZMZ (dry skimmed milk residue) in milk was determined on the Ekomilk-Standard ultrasonic analyzer.

Blood for morphological and biochemical studies was collected from cows of both groups in the morning before feeding from the jugular vein. The number of leukocytes and erythrocytes was counted in a chamber with a Goryaev grid, the leukogram was determined by preparing blood smears, followed by fixation with Nikiforov’s fluid and staining according to Romanovsky-Giemza, the hemoglobin content – on the FEK-M device.

In the blood serum of cows, the following was determined: the content of total protein (reframemetrically), immunoglobulins with a solution of sodium sulfite (V. I. Levchenko et al., 2002). Other biochemical indicators were determined on a Rayto 1904 biochemical semi-automatic analyzer.

The calculation for the purchased milk in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13264-70 was carried out taking into account the grade and basic fat content, which in Ukraine is set at the level of 3.4%.

For this purpose, the actually sold milk was converted into milk of basic fat content according to the following formula,

Mbz = (Mfz × Zmf) / Zmb, where

Mbzh – milk of basic fat content, kg;

Mfzh – mass of sold milk, kg;

Zmf – actual fat content of milk, %;

Zhmb – basic fat content of milk (3.4%).

Statistical processing of the results of experimental studies was carried out by determining the arithmetic mean (M), its error (m) and the level of probability (p) using the Student’s t-test table.

2. INFLUENCE OF “FOOD” ON MILK PRODUCTIVITY AND HEMATOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF COWS

In the course of the research and production experiment, it was established that in cows that received “Zhyvyna” for 100 days, milk productivity increased by 13.6% in terms of basic fat content compared to the control group. At the same time, the quality of milk improved – the fat content increased by 0.28%, protein – by 0.5%, SZMZ reached the usual level for collective milk of 8.5% (8.56±0.56%, Table 2). The density of milk in cows of both groups did not exceed the normative limits – 1.028 g/cm3 (1.027-1.030 – standard values).

Table 2. Values ​​of indicators of productivity and chemical composition of milk of cows (n=25)

The indicators of milk productivity in cows from the control group were stable during the 100 days of the experiment: daily yield – 22.6 kg, fat content 3.5%, protein – 2.96.

Thus, the influence of any exogenous factors on the cows of the experimental group, which could cause an increase in their productivity (except for the use of “Feed”), was completely excluded.

So, we can say that the addition of “Zhyvyna” fodder concentrate to the diet of dairy cows has a positive effect on the dairy productivity of cows.

Studies of the indicators of the morphological and biochemical blood composition of the cows of the experimental and control groups, conducted on the 30th day of the experiment, established that the hematological changes in the animals’ bodies after the use of “Zhyvyna” did not have a pathological vector and were within physiological limits (tables 3-4). .

Table 3. Morphological indicators of blood in cows of the control and experimental groups (n=10)

Note: x* (**, ***) – p<0.05 (0.01; 0.001) relative to the control group;

x° (°°,°°°) – p<0.05 (0.01; 0.001) relative to the results of the 1st day.

During the month of the experiment, the homeostasis system of the cows of the control group was in a state of equilibrium: the hematological indicators remained practically unchanged.

Table 4. Biochemical indicators of blood in cows of the control and experimental groups (n=10)

Note: x*** – p<0.001 relative to the control group;

x°°° – p<0.001 relative to the results of the 1st day.

In the blood of the experimental group of cows, one month after the use of “Zhyvyna”, compared to the initial values, a slight increase in the level of hemoglobin (by 2.5%), total protein (by 12.6%), glucose (by 2.5%) was recorded , urea (by 9.3%), creatinine (by 15.3%) and carotene (by 13.4%).

3. ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF “FOOD” IN THE DIET OF MILKING COWS

Determination of the economic effectiveness of the use of the specified feed additive was carried out on the basis of a comparative assessment of the value of gross milk produced by cows of the experimental and control groups after daily feeding of “Zhyvyna” for 100 days.

The daily yield of milk of the cows of the experimental group in terms of basic fat content due to the use of “Zhyvyna” increased in relative terms by 3.16 kg/day in absolute terms. Accordingly, the profitability of dairy farming increased (Table 5).

Table 5. Economic efficiency of using “Zhyvyna” in milk production (n=25)

The efficiency of using feed concentrate was calculated using the “added value” indicator.

Additional value (ADV) is the value obtained additionally due to an increase in the quantity and quality of products, due to the use of more effective means and methods of feeding, etc.

The indicator was determined by the formula: Dvr = Vrp – Dv, where

Vrp – the value of additionally produced or sold products at current purchase prices when using new (more effective) means, calculated per one processed animal (unit of work), hryvnias;

Two – additional expenses, hryvnias.

According to the formula, the added value of milk in the experimental group will be equal to the value of the additional amount of milk that we received during the 100-day addition of “Livestock”, minus its value in the calculation of all experimental cows.

At the same time, additional costs (Dv) for the entire period of the experiment are:

Dv = Or × Te × D × Vk, where

Or – the number of animals subjected to the experiment (volume of work), head.;

Te is the duration of the experiment, days;

D – daily dose of “Livestock” for one animal, kg/day;

Including – the cost of 1 kg of feed additive “Zhyvyna” (17.6 UAH/kg).

Dv = 25 × 100 × 0.2 × 17.6 = 8800 (UAH).

Note: the daily supplement “Zhyviny” (200 g) in the diet of one cow cost UAH 3.52.

Based on the calculation that without the additive “Zhyviny” cows of the control group gave 23.3 l/day (in terms of basic fat content), and with the additive 26.46 l/day (the difference between the groups is 3.16 l/day), at the purchase price of milk of UAH 8.3/kg, the additional value of milk obtained in a group of 25 cows for the experimental period (100 days) is:

Dvr = (3.16 × 8.3 × 100 × 25) – 8800 = 56770 (hryvnias/group) or 2270.8 hryvnias per cow.

So, the monetary income from the sale of additional milk produced by 25 cows during the 100-day experimental period amounted to UAH 56,770, i.e., each animal that consumed “Livestock” brought an additional profit of UAH 22.71 daily.

The economic efficiency (UAH) of the use of “Zhyvyna” per UAH 1 of additional costs is:

EE = Dvr / Dv.

Therefore, EE = 56770 / 8800 = 6.45 (UAH).

Accordingly, each hryvnia spent on “Zhyvina” brought 6.45 hryvnias of additional profit.

Thus, we can state that the addition of the feed concentrate “Zhyvyna” to the diet of dairy cows has a positive effect on the dairy productivity of cows and is economically effective

CONCLUSIONS

1. Daily use of feed concentrate “Zhyvyna” (g/day) in the diet of lactating cows allows to increase their milk productivity by 13.6%. At the same time, hematological indicators indicate the physiological course of metabolic processes in the animal’s body.
2. Feeding “Zhyvyna” to dairy cows has a positive economic effect due to the increase in the amount of milk: the daily profit during the peak of lactation is UAH 22.71 per animal.

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